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| 1939 September 4 |
| | | Jan Smuts defeats J.B.M. Hertzog in a vote on neutrality, and takes Hertzog's place as South African premier | |
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| 1939 September 4 |
| | | Jan Smuts brings South Africa into the war in support of Britain | |
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| 1948 |
| | | Daniel Malan becomes South Africa's prime minister after his National Party wins the general election | |
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| 1948 |
| | | Daniel Malan moves swiftly to reinforce apartheid, South Africa's already existing system of racial segregation | |
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| 1949 |
| | | Radical young members, including Nelson Mandela, take control of the ANC | |
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| c. 1950 |
| | | Soweto begins to be built outside Johannesburg to segregate the city's black labour force | |
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| 1953 |
| | | South African author Nadine Gordimer publishes her first novel, The Lying Days | |
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| 1958 |
| | | Hendrik Verwoerd become prime minister of South Africa on the death of J.G. Strijdom | |
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| 1959 |
| | | The Transkei becomes the first African homeland, or Bantustan, within South Africa | |
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| 1960 |
| | | UK prime minister Harold Macmillan, in Cape Town, warns the white settlers of Africa that 'the wind of change' is blowing through their continent | |
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